I'm looking for some ideas on organizing and labeling materials per job. Specifically, we're looking to mark what materials are for what job. This includes panel goods, laminate, hardware, etc.
We do not have a full time receiving department and have multiple people in the office ordering materials for multiple jobs.

The last line of the post is where you may have to begin, otherwise the system may be doomed to failure. We had one person responsible for receiving goods (with a backup, of course). The sheet goods we marked on the edge with a sharpie. We had cabinets dedicated to each job for the hardware to placed into, with large vertical bins beside them for longer items that wouldn't fit into the cabinets. We also had a single person in charge of ordering. Orders were collected on Fridays and the orders placed on the following Monday. However you decide to handle it you are going to need a system that allows the orderers to alert the receivers what is coming and who it is for.

I will mention that you should have a solid, official name for the job the materials are assigned to. I'm no fan of a string of numbers, so we use "Johnson Entry" or "Patrick Stair".

And once, years ago, I worked for a company that had not learned that lesson. It seemed that random names came down to us, which we then labeled on the cabinets. Sure enough, we were using a sort of Eastern European word for the job name when it came back to us after delivering a load of cabinets. The Croatian owner was of a good humor fortunately, for the word we were writing translated as "dic* head! We changed to his name for the rest of the job and all was well.

+1 on being solid with the nomenclature. The way our jobs were organized we had numbers but included the client name, such as 964 - Harrison to avoid confusion. Name alone didn't work for us because each room was given a separate number. Primarily for delivery and installation purposes, but is was also common for us to have different finishes in different rooms.

Our job number is
1907090 where 19=year; 07=month;090 is the 90th job this year.

For reports we use 1907090-01 where the -01 represent production release (batch) 1 so 01 is the first production release.

Cabinets have descriptions and are 01-01,
where 01 is the release and 01 is the cabinet number.

Parts have descriptions, job number and part number like 01-256 so part 256, release 1.

None of our job names start with an address, we do too many jobs in the same buildings for different contractors on different floors. The name might be customer, then building or scope, then name
so
ABC Cust. LC06 Break-rooms 1907090

Or for a generic building
Market Ready 1234 Any Street 1906088
Or
Any streetname 1234 Break-rooms 1906088

Our panel order and materials are labeled by our vendors with the 190709-01 number.

Specialty Hardware gets the number on the box.

Thanks for the replies, all. We do use a job number and name. Our panel goods come bundled with the PO# (Job number) and our hardware is being labeled with this number on the box and only put out onto the floor as needed.
We've considered individually numbering the panel sheets because once the bundle is opened, it's no longer labeled. We were looking into a band ink stamp for labeling the sheets on their edge.

I think the right answer is, as some suggested, having someone in charge of receiving and materials. It may be a little while before we hire this person, so I'm just looking to see what others are doing to keep some order.

You likely have the person you need to do the receiving working for you already. You will spot them pretty easily - their workspace will be pretty tight and organized and they will proactively seek information and make a decision instead of standing around waiting for someone to tell them what to do. Sure, they already have work to do but at the moment SOMEONE is doing the receiving anyways, consistency and standardization will only improve things. Not to mention the morale boost this underutilized performer will get from having a little responsibility. As far as the sheets go - low tech solution, when the sheet goods get unbanded, label the edge of the bottom sheet with a sharpie.

The companies that provide us with panels edge label each panel.
Its real useful with orders of mixed colors or when they ship multiple po's

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We have one person in charge of ordering & receiving. Panels that are ordered for a job are either edge labeled by the maker or sharpie marked on the bottom 2 panels. Hardware is marked with customer ID/#. and put in it's designated place. Common hardware: hinges, fasteners, etc. are just ordered by the case and kept track of for inventory by the purchasing man. Same for units of melamine/sheet goods.
The labels printed for the parts coming off the saw or router have the customer I.D. & job # as well as the materials to be used, image of parts etc. We have 3 CAD operators and they send their material take offs to the ordering man.